Solid Organ Transplantation – References
All references link to appropriate papers
Nova Laboratories Ltd. Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) Jayempi 10 mg/ml oral suspension. September 2023. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/12745/smpc#gref Accessed March 2024
NICE. Azathioprine Medicinal Forms. 2023. Available at: https://bnf.nice.org.uk/drugs/azathioprine/medicinal-forms/ Accessed March 2024
Batchelor HK, Marriott JF. Formulations for children: problems and solutions. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2015;79(3):405-18
European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Guideline on pharmaceutical development of medicines for paediatric use. August 2013 EMA/CHMP/QWP/805880/2012 Rev. 2
Mennella JA, Roberts KM, Mathew PS, Reed DR. Children’s perceptions about medicines: individual differences and taste. BMC Pediatrics. 2015;15(130)
Remuzzi G, Cravedi P, Costantini M, et. al. Mycophenolate Mofetil versus Azathioprine for Prevention of Chronic Allograft Dysfunction in Renal Transplantation: The MYSS Follow-Up Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. JASN. 2007;18(6):1973-1985
Phanish MK, Hull RP, Andrews PA, et al. Immunological risk stratification and tailored minimisation of immunosuppression in renal transplant recipients. BMC Nephrol. 2020;21(1):92
European Medicines Agency Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use. Reflection Paper: Formulations of Choice for the Paediatric Population. July 2006 EMEA/CHMP/PEG/194810/200
van Riet-Nales DA, Schobben AFAM, Vromans H, et al. Safe and effective pharmacotherapy in infants and preschool children: importance of formulation aspects. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(7):662-669
Davies EH, Tuleu C. Medicines for children: a matter of taste. J Pediatr. 2008;153(5):599-604, 604.e1-2
Mendoza de Morales T, Sánchez F. Clinical efficacy and safety of a combined loratadine-betamethasone oral solution in the treatment of severe pediatric perennial allergic rhinitis. World Allergy Organ J. 2009;2(4):49-53
Venables R, Batchelor H, Hodson J, et al. Determination of formulation factors that affect oral medicines acceptability in a domiciliary paediatric population. Int J Pharm. 2015;480(1–2):55–62
Cochrane Consumers and Communication Group, Lajoinie A, Janiaud P, et al. Assessing the effects of solid versus liquid dosage forms of oral medications on adherence and acceptability in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;9: CD012783
European Medicines Agency. Jayempi. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/jayempi Accessed March 2024
Chocair PR, Duley JA. Mycophenolate has replaced azathioprine in immunosuppression regimens. But is it better? Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2012; 58(Suppl 1):S24-27
Sousa P, Estevinho MM, Dias CC, et al. Thiopurines’ Metabolites and Drug Toxicity: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2020; 9(7): 2216
Enderby C, Keller CA. An Overview of immunosuppression in Solid Organ Transplantation. Am J Manag Care. 2015;21(1 Suppl):s12-23
Dean L. Azathioprine Therapy and TPMT and NUDT15 Genotype. 2012 [updated 2020]. In: Pratt VM, Scott SA, Pirmohamed M, Esquivel B, Kane MS, Kattman BL, Malheiro AJ, editors. Medical Genetics Summaries [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Center for Biotechnology Information (US); 2012
Torkamani A. Azathioprine Metabolism and Thiopurine Methyltransferase (TPMT) Deficiency. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1829596-overview Accessed March 2024
Elliott I, Mayxay M, Yeuichaixong S, et al. The practice and clinical implications of tablet splitting in international health. Trop Med Int Health. 2014; 19(7): 754–760
Electronic medicines compendium (emc). Search results for “Azathioprine”. https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/search?q=%22Azathioprine%22 Accessed March 2024
Ruggenenti P, Cravedi P, Gotti E, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine in kidney transplant recipients on steroid-free, low-dose cyclosporine immunosuppression (ATHENA): A pragmatic randomized trial. PLoS Med. 2021;18(6):e1003668
Bansal SB, Saxena V, Pokhariyal S, et al. Comparison of azathioprine with mycophenolate mofetil in a living donor kidney transplant programme. Indian J Nephrol. 2011;21(4):258-63
Al-Mowaina S. Azathioprine Versus Mycophenolate Mofetil in Combination with Tacrolimus and Steroids Maintenance in Pediatric Kidney Transplantation. Transplantation. 2018;102:S839
Dudley J, Christian M, Andrews A, et al. Clinical practice guidelines standardisation of immunosuppressive and anti-infective drug regimens in UK paediatric renal transplantation: the harmonisation programme. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):312
van Sandwijk MS, Bemelman FJ, Ten Berge IJM. Immunosuppressive drugs after solid organ transplantation. Neth J Med. 2013;71(6):281-9
Lindenfeld J, Miller GG, Shakar SF, et al. Drug therapy in the heart transplant recipient: part II: immunosuppressive drugs. Circulation. 2004;110(25):3858-65
Claeys E, Vermeire K. Immunosuppressive drugs in organ transplantation to prevent allograft rejection: Mode of action and side effects. J Immunol Sci. 2019; 3(4): 14-21
Hollander A, van der Woude F. Efficacy and Tolerability of Conversion from Cyclosporin to Azathioprine After Kidney Transplantation. BioDrugs. 1998;9(3):197-210
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Azathioprine. Bethesda (MD): National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2012. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK548332/ Accessed March 2024